What are mythological creatures?
Tuesday, November 1st, 2011The intrigue and possibility of strange mythical creatures has always fascinated us. Whether it is ghosts and spirits, the little people, shape-shifting humans with magical powers or peculiar beasts of myth and legend they all still continue to entertain and bemuse us.
But what are 'mythical' creatures? Who decides what is 'mythical' anyway?
Evolving Knowledge: The origins of many mythical creatures can be found in ancient reports and documents of beasts that supposedly roamed our world. Pliny the Elder spent many years gathering information on all the known creatures of this world. He entitled it 'Historia Naturalis' (77AD), which included the Manticore, Murex and Skiapod. Many centuries later great scepticism arose on the truth of mythical creatures. Ambrose Pare in 'On Monsters and Marvels' (1582) stated that some mythical creatures such as the Incubus and Succubus were completely untrue but he still held onto beliefs of bizarre races of men. As our understating of our world increased it became apparent that some creatures were real and others were suspicious. Such suspicious animals like the Unicorn and Griffin became known as mythical creatures. Although it may sound strange that people believed in such creatures, they did not know everything about animal life and even today we are still making surprising discoveries. Did you know that octopuses come onto land to traverse small terrain or to lay eggs? We do not know which of these documented mythical beasts were exaggerations, which were species that are now extinct or which are so rare that have not been seen again.
Faith, Superstition and Science: Mythical creatures are not confined to physical things as many take on invisible or otherworldly forms such as spirits, ghosts and angels. The rise of science and its impressive examination of the world has reduced many beliefs of supernatural creatures to become fictional as they appear to be scientific impossibilities. But science cannot actually disprove them. Science details physical phenomena but not so much the mental phenomena of our world. When we consider this fact, many beings become possible. The book of biodiversity is not closed, new species are discovered all the time, the ocean has not been fully explored and we cannot know for sure what creatures are extinct and which still remain. Furthermore Eastern philosophies such as Buddhism explain the existence of spirits through an understanding of the mind. The mind can exist without a physical body and is not physical itself.. This inability to fully prove or disprove creatures based on sightings is what has caused many creatures like ghosts, spirits and Bigfoots to become classed as mythical creatures.
What Mythical Creatures Are Not: Since we still adore the tales of Giants, Dragons and monsters, we have incorporated these into the arts and entertainment. Shakespeare used mythical creatures like Caliban and Oberon to populate his play 'A Midsummer Night's Dream' (1590) which were based upon mythical creatures. In the 20th century JRR Tolkien revolutionised mythology in his books 'The Hobbit' (1936) and 'The Lord of the Rings' (1955) turning Norse mythical creatures into new fictional versions starting a new genre: fantasy. More recently many mythical creatures have evolved and been elaborated to feature in fantasy books, films and games. The typical Orc, a blob with tusks became the green-tusked warrior now embellished by companies like Games Workshop and Blizzard's 'World of Warcraft'.
Many mythical creatures are beings based on sightings and spiritual connections which neither can be proved. We have not fully completed our encyclopedia of Earth's animals and still have to journey into the spiritual philosophies of the elusive Far East. But either way the old stories and descriptions of fabulous beasts is an increasing resource for popular entertainment in books, films and games.
Find out more about all the fascinating, fearsome and downright peculiar mythical creatures from all over the world


